1. GDB (GNU Debugger)

Description:
GDB is the GNU debugger used to analyze and debug programs. It allows exploit developers to examine the internal state of a running program, set breakpoints, and monitor memory, registers, and program flow to aid in exploit development.

Examples:

• 1. Run GDB on an Executable:
     • gdb ./vulnerable_program

Explanation: Launches GDB to analyze vulnerable_program, allowing the user to set breakpoints, examine memory, and step through code.

• 1. Set a Breakpoint:
     • b main

Explanation: Sets a breakpoint at the main function so execution stops when the function is called.

• 1. Examine Memory at an Address:
     • x/10x 0xdeadbeef

Explanation: Displays 10 hex values starting from memory address 0xdeadbeef, useful for examining buffer overflows.